Filtration Wikipedia. Diagram of simple filtration oversize particles in the feed cannot pass through the lattice structure of the filter, while fluid and small particles pass through, becoming filtrate. Filtration is any of various mechanical, physical or biological operations that separate solids from fluids liquids or gases by adding a medium through which only the fluid can pass. The fluid that passes through is called the filtrate. In physical filters oversize solids in the fluid are retained and in biological filters particulates are trapped and ingested and metabolites are retained and removed. However, the separation is not complete solids will be contaminated with some fluid and filtrate will contain fine particles depending on the pore size, filter thickness and biological activity. Windows 95 Iso Virtualbox For Linux. Filtration occurs both in nature and in engineered systems there are biological, geological, and industrial forms. O2kFgGDgKsc/WOUXGM2jvfI/AAAAAAAAjgo/yQ9uNKEDUYk_-IVNEKrQpcvIQZIqk7XwwCLcB/s640/coway-manual-bidet-malaysia%2Bcoway%2Bmalaysia%2Bshah%2Balam%2B08.jpg' alt='Coway Water Softener Manual' title='Coway Water Softener Manual' />Filtration is any of various mechanical, physical or biological operations that separate solids from fluids liquids or gases by adding a medium through which only. I-RLksDAsc4/UwTrvE0TkpI/AAAAAAAAAIY/zWSwF4vTk50/s1600/Coway+bidet+specs+manual+BA12-04.jpg' alt='Coway Water Softener Manual' title='Coway Water Softener Manual' />For example, in animals including humans, renal filtration removes wastes from the blood, and in water treatment and sewage treatment, undesirable constituents are removed by absorption into a biological film grown on or in the filter medium, as in slow sand filtration. ApplicationseditFiltration is used to separate particles and fluid in a suspension, where the fluid can be a liquid, a gas or a supercritical fluid. Depending on the application, either one or both of the components may be isolated. Filtration, as a physical operation is very important in chemistry for the separation of materials of different chemical composition. A solvent is chosen which dissolves one component, while not dissolving the other. By dissolving the mixture in the chosen solvent, one component will go into the solution and pass through the filter, while the other will be retained. Coway Water Softener Manual' title='Coway Water Softener Manual' />This is one of the most important techniques used by chemists to purify compounds. Filtration is also important and widely used as one of the unit operations of chemical engineering. It may be simultaneously combined with other unit operations to process the feed stream, as in the biofilter, which is a combined filter and biological digestion device. Shop appliances like refrigerators, microwaves, dishwashers, washer and dryers and more at Lowe s. We offer top brands such as KitchenAid and Maytag. Products/bathroom/water-softener/coway-water-softener-malaysia.png' alt='Coway Water Softener Manual' title='Coway Water Softener Manual' />Filtration differs from sieving, where separation occurs at a single perforated layer a sieve. In sieving, particles that are too big to pass through the holes of the sieve are retained see particle size distribution. In filtration, a multilayer lattice retains those particles that are unable to follow the tortuous channels of the filter. Oversize particles may form a cake layer on top of the filter and may also block the filter lattice, preventing the fluid phase from crossing the filter blinding. Commercially, the term filter is applied to membranes where the separation lattice is so thin that the surface becomes the main zone of particle separation, even though these products might be described as sieves. Filtration differs from adsorption, where it is not the physical size of particles that causes separation but the effects of surface charge. Some adsorption devices containing activated charcoal and ion exchange resin are commercially called filters, although filtration is not their principal function. Filtration differs from removal of magnetic contaminants from fluids with magnets typically lubrication oil, coolants and fuel oils, because there is no filter medium. Commercial devices called magnetic filters are sold, but the name reflects their use, not their mode of operation. The remainder of this article focuses primarily on liquid filtration. MethodseditThere are many different methods of filtration all aim to attain the separation of substances. Separation is achieved by some form of interaction between the substance or objects to be removed and the filter. The substance that is to pass through the filter must be a fluid, i. Methods of filtration vary depending on the location of the targeted material, i. Hot Filtration, solution contained in the Erlenmeyer flask is heated on a hot plate in order to prevent re crystallization of solids in the flask itself. There are several filtration techniques depending on the desired outcome namely, hot, cold and vacuum filtration. Some of the major purposes of getting the desired outcome are, for the removal of impurities from a mixture or, for the isolation of solids from a mixture. Hot Filtration for the separation of solids from a hot solution. Hot filtration method is mainly used to separate solids from a hot solution. This is done in order to prevent crystal formation in the filter funnel and other apparatuses that comes in contact with the solution. As a result, the apparatus and the solution used are heated in order to prevent the rapid decrease in temperature which in turn, would lead to the crystallization of the solids in the funnel and hinder the filtration process. One of the most important measures to prevent the formation of crystals in the funnel and to undergo effective hot filtration is the use stemless filter funnel. Due to the absence of stem in the filter funnel, there is a decrease in the surface area of contact between the solution and the stem of the filter funnel, hence preventing re crystallization of solid in the funnel, adversely affecting filtration process. Cold Filtration, the ice bath is used to cool down the temperature of the solution before undergoing the filtration process. Cold Filtration method is the use of ice bath in order to rapidly cool down the solution to be crystallized rather than leaving it out to cool it down slowly in the room temperature. This technique results to the formation of very small crystals as opposed to getting large crystals by cooling the solution down at room temperature. Vacuum Filtration technique is most preferred for small batch of solution in order to quickly dry out small crystals. This method requires a Bchner funnel, filter paper of smaller diameter than the funnel, Bchner flask, and rubber tubing to connect to vacuum source. Filter mediaeditTwo main types of filter media are employed in laboratories a surface filter, a solid sieve which traps the solid particles, with or without the aid of filter paper e. Bchner funnel, Belt filter, Rotary vacuum drum filter, Cross flow filters, Screen filter and a depth filter, a bed of granular material which retains the solid particles as it passes e. The first type allows the solid particles, i. However, the second type is less prone to clogging due to the greater surface area where the particles can be trapped. Also, when the solid particles are very fine, it is often cheaper and easier to discard the contaminated granules than to clean the solid sieve. Filter media can be cleaned by rinsing with solvents or detergents. Alternatively, in engineering applications, such as swimming pool water treatment plants, they may be cleaned by backwashing. Self cleaning screen filters utilize point of suction backwashing to clean the screen without interrupting system flow. Achieving flow through the filtereditFluids flow through a filter due to a difference in pressurefluid flows from the high pressure side to the low pressure side of the filter, leaving some material behind. The simplest method to achieve this is by gravity and can be seen in the coffeemaker example. In the laboratory, pressure in the form of compressed air on the feed side or vacuum on the filtrate side may be applied to make the filtration process faster, though this may lead to clogging or the passage of fine particles.