Designing MRV Systems for Entity Level Greenhouse Gas Emissions FacilitatedThe concept of Measuring and monitoring, Reporting and Verification MRV has gained significance in the design and implementation of climate change policy in the recent years, and more so after the Paris Agreement. Greenhouse gas reporting programs provide a platform to gather emissions data from entities and help mainstream emissions measurement and reporting. The course aims to support policymakers and practitioners in developing economy wide or sector specific GHG reporting programs that address national and sub national priorities and objectives. It is divided in three modules and enables users to Enhance their knowledge of the concept and significance of MRVUnderstand what constitutes a GHG reporting program, and the range of objectives that reporting programs can serveIdentify the legal framework needed to anchor the mandatory reporting programDetermine the capacities necessary to establish and implement reporting programsEngage stakeholders during various phases of development and implementation of the reporting programUnderstand various design elements that form the core of GHG reporting programs and key factors that influence design related decisions Delve deeper into three of the existing GHG reporting programs to further comprehend the concepts discussed in the course. November 13 th, 2017 0000 December 04 th, 2017 0000. Virtual Designing MRV Systems for EntityLevel Greenhouse Gas Emissions Facilitated. From the World Development Report WDR 2016, learn what the internet. Swap Magic Ps1 Games there. Topics Economic Growth. West African Research Association. Investing in the upcoming generation of intellectual leaders in West Africa. CGIAR formerly the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food. Latest news and information from the World Bank on its work in agriculture and the food system. World Bank project West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program WAAPP NA. Ending Famine, Simply by Ignoring the Experts. Stung by the humiliation of pleading for charity, he led the way to reinstating and deepening fertilizer subsidies despite a skeptical reception from the United States and Britain. Malawis soil, like that across sub Saharan Africa, is gravely depleted, and many, if not most, of its farmers are too poor to afford fertilizer at market prices. As long as Im president, I dont want to be going to other capitals begging for food, Mr. Mutharika declared. Patrick Kabambe, the senior civil servant in the Agriculture Ministry, said the president told his advisers, Our people are poor because they lack the resources to use the soil and the water we have. The countrys successful use of subsidies is contributing to a broader reappraisal of the crucial role of agriculture in alleviating poverty in Africa and the pivotal importance of public investments in the basics of a farm economy fertilizer, improved seed, farmer education, credit and agricultural research. Malawi, an overwhelmingly rural nation about the size of Pennsylvania, is an extreme example of what happens when those things are missing. As its population has grown and inherited landholdings have shrunk, impoverished farmers have planted every inch of ground. Desperate to feed their families, they could not afford to let their land lie fallow or to fertilize it. Over time, their depleted plots yielded less food and the farmers fell deeper into poverty. Malawis leaders have long favored fertilizer subsidies, but they reluctantly acceded to donor prescriptions, often shaped by foreign aid fashions in Washington, that featured a faith in private markets and an antipathy to government intervention. In the 1. 98. 0s and again in the 1. World Bank pushed Malawi to eliminate fertilizer subsidies entirely. Its theory both times was that Malawis farmers should shift to growing cash crops for export and use the foreign exchange earnings to import food, according to Jane Harrigan, an economist at the University of London. World Bank West Africa Agricultural Productivity Programs' title='World Bank West Africa Agricultural Productivity Programs' />In a withering evaluation of the World Banks record on African agriculture, the banks own internal watchdog concluded in October not only that the removal of subsidies had led to exorbitant fertilizer prices in African countries, but that the bank itself had often failed to recognize that improving Africas declining soil quality was essential to lifting food production. The donors took away the role of the government and the disasters mounted, said Jeffrey Sachs, a Columbia University economist who lobbied Britain and the World Bank on behalf of Malawis fertilizer program and who has championed the idea that wealthy countries should invest in fertilizer and seed for Africas farmers. Here in Malawi, deep fertilizer subsidies and lesser ones for seed, abetted by good rains, helped farmers produce record breaking corn harvests in 2. Corn production leapt to 2. Brothers From Another Taco Tuesday Rar here. The rest of the world is fed because of the use of good seed and inorganic fertilizer, full stop, said Stephen Carr, who has lived in Malawi since 1. World Banks principal agriculturalist in sub Saharan Africa. This technology has not been used in most of Africa. The only way you can help farmers gain access to it is to give it away free or subsidize it heavily. The government has taken the bull by the horns and done what farmers wanted, he said. Some economists have questioned whether Malawis 2. United States and Britain, found that the subsidy program accounted for a large share of this years increase in corn production. The harvest also helped the poor by lowering food prices and increasing wages for farm workers. Researchers at Imperial College London and Michigan State University concluded in their preliminary report that a well run subsidy program in a sensibly managed economy has the potential to drive growth forward out of the poverty trap in which many Malawians and the Malawian economy are currently caught. Farmers interviewed recently in Malawis southern and central regions said fertilizer had greatly improved their ability to fill their bellies with nsima, the thick, cornmeal porridge that is Malawis staff of life. In the hamlet of Mthungu, Enelesi Chakhaza, an elderly widow whose husband died of hunger five years ago, boasted that she got two ox cart loads of corn this year from her small plot instead of half a cart. Last year, roughly half the countrys farming families received coupons that entitled them to buy two 1. The government also gave them coupons for enough seed to plant less than half an acre. Special ontheground report about the nearly 2. West African children who harvest cocoa for big chocolate companies. Malawis agricultural turnaround has implications for fighting hunger across Africa. The green revolution in Africa is not a lost cause. Africa can gain from productivity improvements with the right set of policies, institutions, and resources, while. Malawians are still haunted by the hungry season of 2. That season, an already shrunken program to give poor farmers enough fertilizer and seed to plant a meager quarter acre of land had been reduced again. Regional flooding further lowered the harvest. Corn prices surged. And under the government then in power, the countrys entire grain reserve was sold as a result of mismanagement and corruption. Mrs. Chakhaza watched her husband starve to death that season. His strength ebbed away as they tried to subsist on pumpkin leaves. He was one of many who succumbed that year, said K. B. Kakunga, the local Agriculture Ministry official. He recalled mothers and children begging for food at his door. I had a little something, but I could not afford to help each and every one, he said. It was very pathetic, very pathetic indeed. But Mr. Kakunga brightened as he talked about the impact of the subsidies, which he said had more than doubled corn production in his jurisdiction since 2. World Bank West Africa Agricultural Productivity Programme' title='World Bank West Africa Agricultural Productivity Programme' />Its quite marvelous he exclaimed. Malawis determination to heavily subsidize fertilizer and the payoff in increased production are beginning to change the attitudes of donors, say economists who have studied Malawis experience. World Bank West Africa Agricultural Productivity Programmes' title='World Bank West Africa Agricultural Productivity Programmes' />The Department for International Development in Britain contributed 8 million to the subsidy program last year. Bernab Snchez, an economist with the agency in Malawi, estimated the extra corn produced because of the 7. Camtasia 2.2 Mac Cracked more. It was really a good economic investment, he said. The United States, which has shipped 1. American food to Malawi as emergency relief since 2. Malawi grow its own food, has not provided any financial support for the subsidy program, except for helping pay for the evaluation of it. Over the years, the United States Agency for International Development has focused on promoting the role of the private sector in delivering fertilizer and seed, and saw subsidies as undermining that effort. But Alan Eastham, the American ambassador to Malawi, said in a recent interview that the subsidy program had worked pretty well, though it displaced some commercial fertilizer sales. The plain fact is that Malawi got lucky last year, he said. They got fertilizer out while it was needed. The lucky part was that they got the rains. And the World Bank now sometimes supports the temporary use of subsidies aimed at the poor and carried out in a way that fosters private markets. Here in Malawi, bank officials say they generally support Malawis policy, though they criticize the government for not having a strategy to eventually end the subsidies, question whether its 2. The issue is, lets do a better job of it, said David Rohrbach, a senior agricultural economist at the bank. Though the donors are sometimes ambivalent, Malawis farmers have embraced the subsidies. And the government moved this year to give its people a more direct hand in their distribution.